外文原文一
A MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES
HISTORY AND EVOLUTION
Management by Objectives (MBO) (It’s in the goal)
In the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s it seemed like a good thing to manage work efforts by goals, hence the term “management by objectives.” The idea was to improve management and work productivity in general by being more defined about the intended outcomes MBO principles contained many precursors to the basic building blocks used by current project management tenants. The basic MBO principles included:
1. Establish a set of top level strategic G-Os.
2. Create a cascade of organizational G-Os that are supported by lower level definitive objectives and action plans.
3. Develop an organizational role and mission statement, as well as specific objectives and action plans for each member, often in a manner that involved participative decision making.
4. Establish key results and/or performance standards for each objective.
5. Periodically measurement/assessment of the status or outcome of the G-Os.
