Abstract
This paper introduces a new type of smart materials Electrorheological fluid，Its rheological properties controlled by the external electric field．In this paper，the electro-rheological fluids：the dispersed phase, continuous phase and additives．Introduced the mechanism of ER effect: water bridge theory，mechanisms and electric double-layer electrode-mediated mechanism as well as the conductivity model and the dynamic polarization model．And describes the electrical parameters and the current change of the physical and chemical properties of liquid ER effect．Discussed in detail in the electrorheological fluid damper，clutch，electro-rheological valve，precision grinding，tactile display areas such as development and research. Electrorheological fluid made the existing problems and possible future direction of development．
Keywords：Electrorheological fluid；Electrorheological effect；Electrode-mediated mechanism；ER Valve
