Abstract
In the cold world where biology can not survive, A lots of properties of substance will have unexpected changes. One of them is the Superconductivity. In 1911, Onnes found the resistance of Hg suddenly disappeared when the temperature was close to 4.2K. A new field of superconductivity began. Superconductivity have a very rich and unique physical and chemical feature, such as the zero DC resistance, Meissner effect and superconducting tunnel effect (Josephson effect). In 50 years, superconductivity is just studied as the phenomena and laws of nature. The reason of superconductivity which was unclear in a long time was revealed until the theory of BCS, which was set up in 1957. Josephson effect, which found in 1962, put the superconductivity to a new field again. In 70 years, superconductivity shows its incomparable advantages in the area of power industry and weak detection. For example, make use of superconductivity to obtain a high magnetic field about 17.5T, make further research, such as Power transmission, MHD power generation and superconducting Maglev, The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) made by Josephson effect can differentiate the magnetic field intensity about 10-15T, and it is applied in national defense, exploration, earthquake prediction, biological magnetic. But the superiority of superconductivity is limited on account of its low superconducting critical temperature. Scientists begin to pay attention to high temperature superconductor slowly. This article arranges the history of superconductivity research and development, and tracks the research and application of superconductivity.
Keywords: zero resistance Totally anti-magnetic Josephson effect theory of BCS
