论工业革命后西方国家的环境问题

论文编号:LS206  论文字数:13967,页数:17

论工业革命后西方国家的环境问题

摘 要
 
 西方国家的环境问题由来已久。早在农业社会就出现了大量砍伐森林.破坏草原，刀耕火种，盲目开采等破坏环境的问题。不过直到这时，污染和破坏只在少数地方存在，特别是污染物也较少依靠大自然的自身净化能力，尚不至于造成重大危害。环境问题，特别是环境污染发生质的变化并演变成一种威胁人类生存与发展的全球性危机则始于18世纪中叶兴起的工业革命。现代经济史和社会史学家普遍把工业革命视为人类历史或“南-北”差距的分水岭，（1）同样的，我们也可以把这场革命视为人类环境问题特别是污染史的分水岭；又因为“从影响全球和区域的环境问题看主要责任直接或间接地来自工业发达国家”。（2）因此，从历史视野来看工业革命的影响，工业革命后西方的环境问题以及工业革命与环境问题的关系，审视西方人对待自然的认识和态度，明确树立科学的环境价值观的重要性，不仅具有学术价值，而且对构建社会主义和谐社会具有现实意义。
 
关键词：工业革命；西方国家；环境问题；环境价值观
 
  
A study of the environment problem in western countries after Industrial Revolution
  
Abstract：  The environment problem in western countries has a long history .Early in the agricultural society many forests were chopped，grass lands were destroyed ，cultivating in a primitive way and overwhelming exploit. Till today，pollution and destruction just exist in areas，above all the waste depends less on the purifying of nature which is still not a serious potential danger. Environment problem,especially in pollution which had a great change and became a threat to humans and globe crisis by the starting of the Industrial Revolution in the middle of18 th century .These people who study the history of economic and society look on the Industrial Revolution as the ridge of human history and the distance of “South and North”.Meanwhile，we also think this revolution is the ridge of human environment above all the history of pollution And“the main responsibility should be taken directly or indirectly by the industry developed countries from the effect on goble and area environment problems. So analiyze the influences of the Industrial Revolution and the environment after the event and the relation between the Industrial Revolution and Environment problem in a historic way，the attitude and understanding of western people to nature and understand the importance of hawing the scientific view of environmental value which have academic value as well as the significance of constructing the harmonious society.

Key words：the Industrial Revolution；the western countries；the environment problems；the view of environmental value
 
  
目录
 
引言1
文献综述．1
 研究方法．2
 讨论与分析． 2
 一、工业革命后西方国家的环境问题．4
 二、工业革命与环境问题的关系．9
 三、西方人对待自然的态度．10
 结论．12
 参考文献． 14