区域交通流时空分布特性分析

车辆工程专业毕业论文，论文编号:JX894  论文字数:22386.页数:47

摘 要

 交通流理论是分析研究道路上行人和机动车辆（主要是汽车）在个别或成列行动中的规律，探讨车流流量、流速和密度之间的关系，以求减少交通时间的延误、事故的发生和提高道路交通设施使用效率的理论。始于50年代。是交通工程理论的基础和其新发展的领域之一。研究的主要方法有：①概率论方法。假定道路上行驶的车辆互相独立，车辆分布随机，并假定各个车辆行驶是一种概率过程而用概率的理论加以分析的方法；②流体力学方法。即交通波动理论，假定交通流是具有特定性质的一种流体，应用气体运动或声波、洪水波理论，宏观地表现这种现象的变化、演进的方法；③动力学方法。即跟车理论，就是在交通流中追随前车的后车，假定其向前移动有某种规律性，据此可求得各车辆动力学状态的微分方程式。后两种方法较有前途，主要应用于道路服务水平与通行能力评价，交通量与交通事故预测，交通信号控制和消除汽车排队和等候等方面。
 我国现阶段的城市交通问题是社会经济发展的必然结果，根据中央关于国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标，我国又将进入社会主义现代化建设的持续、稳定和快速发展时期。面对新时期，大城市的交通滞后，已经不是简单的靠拓宽和新建马路就能解决问题的。
 现代城市在一天的客运高峰期间，旅客高度集中、流向大致相同的客流现象已很普遍，低运量的交通工具已远远不能满足民众出行的需要。而相对于其他公共交通方式，城市轨道交通具有：用地省，运能大，节约能源、对环境的污染小、人均噪声小，乘座安全、舒适、方便、快捷等特点。
 现代城市需要有一个与其现代化生活相适应的现代化交通体系，要形成一个与城市发展布局高度协调的综合交通格局。要把长远规划目标同近期调整改善结合起来。近期应做好与城市交通量基本相适应的道路网络系统，逐步改善常规公共交通的服务管理质量，有机地配合好综合交通规划，拓展空间利用条件，重点发展以轨道交通为骨干的公共交通网络，积极引入具有大、中客运量的地铁和轻轨交通方式。
 而城市区域性时空分布分析作为道路网络系统的基础体现出了其绝对的重要性。
关键词：交通流、时空分布、网络系统

ABSTRACT
 
 Traffic flow a study of the way to pedestrians and vehicles （ mainly ） in the individual or a column of law and to flow and flow velocity and density the traffic relationship between, in order to reduce traffic delays, accidents and road use efficiency of transport. first in the fifties. is the basis of the project and the new development areas. the study of the main methods are ：①Any probability theory. that road traffic independent, vehicles are random, and assumes that all the traffic is a probability in the process of probability theory to the method of analysis ；②Fluid mechanics. The traffic, traffic flow of the volatility of the theory that a specific nature of a fluid, gas motion or sound, flood wave theory, macro with the changes, the evolutionary approach ；③Dynamics. that car, with the traffic flow, following cars gets back. their move forward with some regularity, thus obtained all the dynamics of the state of the differential equations. the two latter method is more promising is a major service for road traffic, traffic and the ability to the traffic accident. traffic signals control and eliminate the waiting line and wait.
 Our present stage of city traffic problem is the social and economic development of the inevitable result, according to the central committee on economic and social development of the ninth five-year plan and the 2010 long-range objective will enter into our socialist modernization, stability and rapid expansion. the new period, the big city traffic delay, is not easy to expand and the new road will be able to solve the problem.
 Modern city in the day a passenger at peak period, the highly centralized and flows same passenger flow phenomenon is now, low volume of transportation has cannot satisfy the people's needs. the degree of relative to other public transport, urban track of land and transport ：pumping energy large energy savings, environmental pollution, noise, the per capita in the safe, comfortable and convenient and quick characteristics.
 Modern city with its modernization needed to have a life of modern communications system, with the layout of urban development of a highly coordinated and comprehensive traffic arrangements. Recent should be made to the city traffic basic to the road network system, improving general public transport service quality of management and coordination with good planning, comprehensive traffic conditions, expanding development potentiality of focus in orbit traffic for the key public transport network to introduce a large, medium volume of passenger transport subway and s-bahn means of transportation.
 The city and analysis of regional distribution as the basis of the road network system showed its absolute importance.

key word: traffic flow, spatial and temporal distribution, xerox network system xerox

目录
摘要 .. . .. . i
ABSTRACT .. . .. ..  iii
目录 .  . . ..  Ⅰ
第1章 绪论.. .. .. .. ..1
 1.1 背景资料.. .. .. .3
 1.2 智能交通系统 . . .. .. .5
 1.3 城市智能交通诱导技术. .. .6
 1.4 WebGIS技术研究现状.  . .. . . .  . . ..8
 1.5 课题来源. . .. . . . .. . ..9
 1.6 问题的提出 .. .. . . 10
 1.7 关键技术及研究现状.. .  .. 10
 1.8 论文的结构.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..11
第2章交通流信息.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..12
  2.1 引言.. .. .. .. ..  ..12
  2.2 交通流动态信息.. .. .. .. .. .12
 2.2.1 交通流采集系统.. .. .. .. 13
 2.2.2 交通流车流量数据.. .. .. .. .15
  2.3 交通流静态信息.. .. .. .. .. .15
 2.3.1 GIS技术.. .. .. .. .. ..15
 2.3.2 GIS的功能.. .. .. .. .. 16
 2.2.3 GIS电子地图基本数据要求.. .. .. .. 17
第3章 城市区域交通流时空分布特性分析.. ..  .18
 3.1 引言 . .. .. ..18
 3.2 相关基础理论 . .. ..18
 3.2.1 交通流理论.. . . .. ..22
 3.2.2 孤立子理论. . . .  .. 23
 3.3基于B样条曲面拟合的城市交通时空分布拟合.. .. . . 24
 3.3.1 B样条拟合. .. ..25
 3.3.2 B样条拟合结果. .. . 37
 3.4 城市交通时空分布拟合结果分析. .. .. .. . . . .40
 3.5 本章小结 .. .. ..40
第4章总结与展望.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 41
 4.1 总结.. .. .. . 41
 4.2 展望. . . . . ..   . 41
参考文献. .. .. .. ..42
致谢. .. .. .. .. 43