肿瘤病人的护理

论文编号:HL012  论文字数:8118.页数:18

论文题目：肿瘤病人的护理
摘  要
 我国卫生部最新发布的中国城市人口主要疾病死亡原因排在首位的是恶性肿瘤,据国内资料统计,目前我国每年新发癌症病例160～200万,年死亡人数约为140万[1]。恶性肿瘤是常见病、多发病,它危害着人类的健康。其护理涉及到个人、家庭、社会等多方面的问题。在我国对恶性肿瘤的专科护理处于萌芽阶段,临终关怀也刚起步。因此,面对肿瘤患者的护理任务复杂而艰巨。要从根本上解决这一问题,就要求护理人员必须从实际出发,深入思考和研究。
目的: 探讨恶性肿瘤病人的护理方法,提高病人对恶性肿瘤及其治疗的认识与应对能力。
方法: 对患者进行综合护理,重点加强心理护理,在治疗中发挥较大的作用,使大多数患者积极配合治疗,并且取得了满意效果。
结果:  64例病人均能面对并接受化疗, 恐惧心理减轻24例,消除35例;焦虑心理减轻19例,消除37例;绝望心理减轻13例,消除31例。
结论:  通过将人性化护理应用于肿瘤病人住院全过程,增进了人际间的心灵沟通,密切了护患关系,体现了人的尊严,生命的珍贵,社会的爱护,从而提高了患者的生活质量,提高了患者对医院的信任度和满意率。
 
关键词: 恶性肿瘤、癌症、护理、康复

论文类型：实习报告

Title: Tumor patient care
 

Summary
 Malignant tumors are common disease, frequently-occurring disease, which are endangering human health. Its care involves personal, family, the society and so on various issues. In China the specialized nursing for malignant tumor, burgeoning hospice care is just starting out. Therefore, in the face of cancer care tasks complex and difficult. To basically solve this problem, requires nursing staff must from set out actually, deep thinking and research.
 
Objective: to explore the nursing methods of malignant tumor patient, improve patient treatment of malignant tumor and understanding and coping ability.

Methods: the patients with 80 cases of chemotherapy before chemotherapy in venipuncture psychological nursing, before, during and after the calendar accordingly Care, in patients after chemotherapy appears to appropriate chemotherapy side-effect of nursing, completes the diet and live Dynamic guidance, promote the patient's recovery.

Results: 64 patients all can face and chemotherapy, fears reduce and eliminate 35 cases 24 cases; Psychological anxiety reduce 19, eliminate 37 cases; Despair 13 cases, eliminating psychological reduce 31 cases.

Conclusions: Through humanized nursing applied to the whole tumor patient hospitalization, increase the telepathic communication, interpersonal relationship, closely with protection of human dignity, embodies the precious life, social care, so as to improve the patient's quality of life, improve the patient to the hospital trust and satisfaction.

Keywords: Malignant tumor, Nursing, Rehabilitation,

Paper types: Practice report

目  录
前  言……………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1．肿瘤的症状与特性………………………………………………………………………2
2　临床资料…………………………………………………………………………………2
 2.1　一般资料 …………………………………………………………………………2　
 2.2　治疗方法 …………………………………………………………………………2　
3　护理 …………………………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1　化疗前护理  …………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1.1　心理护理  ………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1.1.1　建立良好的护患关系 ……………………………………………… 3
 3.1.1.2　指导病人正确认识化疗 …………………………………………… 3
 3.1.2　健康教育 ………………………………………………………………… 3
 3.1.2.1　化疗药物的不良反应 ……………………………………………… 3
 3.1.2.2　化疗的注意事项及配合方法 ……………………………………… 4
 3.1.3　提供社会支持系统 ……………………………………………………… 4
 3.2　化疗中护理  …………………………………………………………………… 4
 3.2.1　环境准备 ………………………………………………………………… 4
 3.2.2　预防静脉炎  ………………………………………………………………4
 3.2.2.1　静脉穿刺前 ………………………………………………………… 4
 3.2.2.2　静脉穿刺中 ………………………………………………………… 5
 3.2.2.3　静脉穿刺后 ………………………………………………………… 5
 3.2.3　静脉炎的处理  …………………………………………………………… 5
 3.2.4　药液外渗处理  …………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3　化疗后护理  …………………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.1　冲管及按压  ……………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2　毒副反应护理  …………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2.1　骨髓抑制  ………………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2.2　胃肠道反应  ……………………………………………………… 6
 3.3.2.3　脱发  ……………………………………………………………… 7
4．肿瘤病人手术后的观察与护理 ……………………………………………………… 7
 4.1 手术后的观察 …………………………………………………………………… 7
 4.2 手术后的护理 …………………………………………………………………… 8
 4.2.1变换卧位  …………………………………………………………………… 8
 4.2.2预防褥疮  …………………………………………………………………… 8
 4.2.3饮食护理  …………………………………………………………………… 8
5　小结  ………………………………………………………………………………… 9
致  谢 …………………………………………………………………………………… 10
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………… 11