基于PLC锅炉控制系统设计

论文编号:ZD794  论文字数:11768,页数:38  有开题报告和PLC程序，仿真程序

摘   要
 
 随着船舶轮机技术和自动化技术的发展，船舶的自动化程度越来越高，对船舶辅助锅炉系统的自动控制是其中一项重要课题，因为这一控制不仅直接涉及到锅炉运行的效能，而且更关系到锅炉运行的安全性和可靠行。
 以继电—接触器为主的传统控制系统已不能满足现代船舶对其锅炉控制的越来越高、越来越复杂的要求，这一领域的计算机化已势在必行，而应用在当前工业过程控制领域中引人注目的可编程控制器（PLC）又是使其计算机化的最简便和可靠途径。本文采用PLC控制器进行了船舶辅助锅炉的控制设计。文章首先介绍了船舶辅助锅炉自动控制的总体概述和可编程控制器（德国西门子可编程控制器S7-200）的基本工作原理，详细介绍了船舶燃油辅助锅炉的典型系统，在此基础上，着重对采用S7-200控制的燃油辅助锅炉进行了PLC编程，其中对蒸汽压力采用多位控制。为了实现控制功能的验证，对辅助锅炉进行了数学建模，并采用VB软件制作了锅炉模型，通过编程使之与PLC进行通讯，用PLC控制器执行对锅炉模型的控制。此外，这种PLC与模型结合的控制方式在PLC的实验教学中，也不失为一种很具参考价值的教学手段。
 
 
 关键字：    船舶辅助锅炉   自动控制   可编程控制器   锅炉模型
 

ABSTRACT
   Along with the technical development of  maritime engine automatization, the automation degree of the ships is more and more high. The control of marine boiler system on board is a important question for discussion of technology and automatization  technology. The reason is that the control count for much with efficiency and reliability of boiler.
 The old control system mainly using relay and contact now can’t meet the high and complicated requirements of modern ship to control its boiler. It is imperative under the situation to use computer for ship control on board modern ship. The applying of programmable controller( PLC)  in the current industry  process control realm  is the most simple and dependable path that makes its Computerized. This text namely adopt the PLC  to implement the control design of the marine boiler. First,the paper introduce the automation summarizer of marine boiler and the basic principle of PLC(SIEMENS PLC S7-200 of Germany). Following, the paper introduce a typical boiler system of shipping. On this base, the paper pay more attention to making control programme of S7-200 for oil auxiliary boiler. In order to validate the function of control programme , a simple mathe mold is set up and a boiler model is manufactured by using VB software , and the model can communicate with PLC through programming ,then PLC controller can control the boiler model. Besides, In PLC experiment teaching, the way that this kind of model combines with the PLC is also a kind of teaching means that has the reference value.
 
 
 Keywords：  marine auxiliary boiler        autocontrol
                PLC                      boiler model

 目 录
1  概述………………………………………………………………………………….… ..1
 1.1   船舶辅助锅炉自动控制概述…………………………..…………………….…. 1   
 1.2   船舶锅炉的PLC控制方式概述……………………………….………………...1
 1.3   编程控制器工作原理……………………………………………………………..2
 1.4   本选题设计主要完成的内容…………………………………………………. …3
2  锅炉系统描述…………………………………………………………………….……….4
 2.1  锅炉的基本组成……………………………………………………….……………4
 2.1.1  锅炉本体…………………………………….... ……………………………4
 2.1.2  辅助系统介绍……………………………………………………………….5
 2.2  锅炉系统的控制要求与设计…………………………………………………..… ..5
 2.2.1  锅炉水位的自动调节………………………………………………………..5
        2.2.2  蒸汽压力的自动控制………………………………………………………7
        2.2.3  燃烧程序的自动控制………………………………………………………7
 2.2.4  警报及保护环节……………………………………………………………..9
3  燃油辅锅炉PLC控制系统设计……………………………………………………………10
 3.1  概要……………………………………................ …………………10
 3.2  I/O点数分配……………………………………...... ………………………12
 3.3  PLC外围接线控制电路…………………………………………………………..…14
 3.4  PLC的控制程序设计………………………………………………………………..18
4  燃油辅锅炉VB模型设计……………………………………………………………….…25
 4.1  燃油辅锅炉数学建模分析………………………………………………………….25
 4.1.1  汽包水位模型建立…………………………………………………….…....25
 4.1.2  蒸汽压力调节对象模型建立………………………………………….…....26
 4.1.3  模型仿真的处理方法………………………………………………….…....27
 4.2　基于VB的锅炉模型建立……………………………………………………………...29
 4.3  S7-200 PLC通讯概述……………………………………………………………….30
 4.4  模型与PLC通讯的实现……………………………………………………………….31
5  结论……………………………………............... ………………………32
参考文献……………………………………………………………….…………….……33