基于松下PLC的三层货梯运行系统设计

论文编号:ZD658    论文字数:30315,页数:68

摘 要
 随着微机技术的应用和固体功率器件的发展和完善，电梯控制技术已由20世纪前半叶的直流调速发展成为交流变频调速的当代技术[1]。载货电梯作为电梯的一种，在我国通过引进国际标准和发达国家先进产品和技术，不断发展和完善起来。
 本文介绍了电梯的起源与发展，载货电梯的特点与技术现状，以及本设计的目的、内容和意义。先对电梯的定义、种类、组成进行阐释，从而对电梯有初步了解。进而介绍了可编程序控制器的发展阶段、定义、基本结构、工作原理、PLC的性能指标、特点、PLC的应用、选型；介绍了变频器的作用、基本构成、变频器的分类、变频器的矢量控制原理、电梯变频调速控制的特点。货梯控制系统的设计思想是货梯控制系统采用随机逻辑方式控制。此外本文还介绍了PLC工作原理和货梯变频调速的硬件结构设计和软件程序设计[2]。
 通过此次毕业设计，我成功地完成了三层货梯的PLC控制和变频启动。同时使用计算机实现了对货梯运行状况的监控，也可实现通过计算机对货梯的间接运行控制。由此可以说明，用PLC实现楼宇间货梯的自动控制以及货梯、货梯群的远程、集中监控的可行性。
 关键词：可编程序控制器，货梯控制，变频器，PLC，监控

The Design of Freight Elevator Running System Based on PLC
ABSTRACT
 In the wake of utilization in computer technology and the development and improvement of solid power device, elevator controlling technology has become modern technology since the first half of the 20thcentury, which is constant current speed regulation to alternating current varying frequency speed regulation. As introducing international standard and advanced products and technologies from developed countries, freight elevators as a kind of elevators have been developed and improved in our country.
 The article introduces the origin and the development of the elevator and the characteristics of the freight elevator with the present situation, and the design of the objectives, contents and significance. At first gives the definition, types, composition, which hopes to have a preliminary understanding of the lift. And then describes the PLC’s stage of development, definition, the basic structure and working principle, performance and features，PLC’s application and selection, describing the basic composition of the inverter, classification, the vector control principle of the inverter and VVVF elevator control features. The design of the freight elevator control system is the system with random logic control. In addition the article also introduces the principle of PLC and hardware design of the VVVF freight elevator and the VVVF freight elevator software program designation.
 In this design, three-store freight elevators can be applied by PLC controlling and activated with variable frequency. Also, the computer communication succeeds to operate on the surveillance of the freight elevator and completes the running controlled indirectly on the computer. Therefore, it is supposed that it is feasible to use PLC to control freight elevators and focus on monitoring them between buildings.
 Key Words: programmable controller, freight elevator controlling, frequency transformer，PLC , monitoring function

目  录

摘 要 IV
ABSTRACT V
1前 言
1.1电梯的起源与发展 1
1.2载货电梯的特点与技术现状 2
1.3本文的研究内容、目的与意义 2
2 电梯的拖动与控制技术
2.1电梯的定义与种类 3
2.1.1电梯的定义 3
2.1.2电梯的种类 3
2.2电梯的主要组成 4
2.2.1电梯在空间上的组成 4
2.2.2电梯功能的组成 5
2.3电梯的主要拖动技术 5
2.3.1单、双速交流电动机拖动技术 6
2.3.2交流电动机定子调压调速拖动技术 6
2.3.3直流发电机——电动机可控硅励磁拖动技术 7
2.3.4可控硅直接供电拖动技术 7
2.3.5交流调速拖动技术 7
2.4电梯的主要控制技术 7
2.4.1继电器控制技术 7
2.4.2交流变频变压控制技术 8
2.5本章小结 9
3 货梯控制系统的硬件设计
3.1可编程控制器（PLC） 10
3.1.1可编程控制器（PLC）的发展 10
3.1.2可编程控制器（PLC）的定义 11
3.1.3可编程控制器（PLC）的基本结构 12
3.1.4可编程控制器（PLC）的工作原理 13
3.1.5可编程控制器（PLC）的性能指标 14
3.1.6可编程控制器（PLC）的特点与应用 15
3.1.7可编程控制器（PLC）的选择 18
3.2变频器 18
3.2.1变频器的基本构成 18
3.2.2变频器的分类 19
3.2.3变频器的矢量控制原理 20
3.2.4电梯变频调速控制的特点 21
3.2.5变频器的选择 21
3.3货梯控制系统的设计思想 22
3.4控制对象 27
3.5控制要求 28
3.6工作原理 29
3.7货梯的硬件结构设计 29
3.8本章小结 32
4货梯控制系统的软件程序设计
4.1货梯运行时控制的主要指标 33
4.2 PLC选型及信号编排 33
4.3货梯轿厢内、外控制按钮的动作要求 34
4.4控制程序流程图 34
4.5梯形图程序设计 35
4.5.1 开门、关门梯形图 35
4.5.2货梯到层指示梯形图 36
4.5.3层呼叫指示梯形图 36
4.5.4启动和运行梯形图 37
4.5.5货梯整体运行程序图 38
4.6本章小结 40
5货梯监控系统设计
5.1货梯的监控 42
5.1.1货梯监控的必要性 42
5.1.2货梯监控的特点、组成与功能 43
5.2货梯监控的软件设计 44
5.2.1监控软件概述 44
5.2.2主要程序流程图 44
5.3 监控界面设计  47
5.4本章小结 48
结 论 49
谢 辞 50
参考文献  51
附 录  52