基于AT89C51单片机的多参数测试仪硬件设计

论文编号:ZD687    论文字数:57756,页数:79

 [摘要] 要实现对生产过程的自动控制，首先必须实现对生产过程参数进行实时、可靠的检测。生产过程参数的自动检测是实现自动控制的前提条件。没有参数的检测，就会是自动控制失去前提和依据。检测技术发展了，控制水平才能提高。一些生产过程制约其自动化水平提高的瓶颈，往往在于参数难以被实时、可靠地检测出来。
 测试周向振动机床在空载状况下，主轴的空载的振频和振幅，对于该设备在工作过程中复合振动参数的在线测试 一直没能很好的解决。周向振动钻床主轴在工作时，主轴以很高的速度匀速转动并以很高的频率摆动，加之其主要部件———激振驱动器本身的质量较小，所以传感器的附加质量对周向振动钻床主轴的运动规律，特别是对摆动部分的影响很大，如果用接触式传感器进行测量，必然会对测试结果的可靠性及精确度产生很大的影响，这就决定了所有需要用接触方式进行测量的传感器都不可能很好地满足对系统的测量要求，为此，必须采用非接触方式进行测量。而此次设计采用电涡流式的传感器（电涡流式传感器在高速旋转机械和往复式运动机械的状态分析，振动研究、分析测量中，对非接触的高精度振动、位移信号，能连续准确地采集到转子振动状态的多种参数）对主轴在空载情况进行测试，将数据通过放大器进行放大，A/D将放大过的数据转换，输入单片机AT89C51对数据分析、处理，再由LED数码管将振频、振幅显示出来。
 [关键词]  传感器智能仪器；多参数测量；机械振动；单片机；

 Abstract:To achieve the automatic control of the production process, we must first achieve the parameters of the production process in real time, reliable detection. The parameters of the production process to achieve automatic detection is a prerequisite for automatic control. No parameters of the test will be the prerequisite and basis for the loss of automatic control. Detection technology development, in order to raise the level of
control. Some of the constraints of its production process automation to increase the level of the bottleneck, is often difficult to real-time parameters, reliably detected.
  Weeks to test the vibration machine in the no-load conditions, the main axis of the no-load vibration frequency and amplitude, for the equipment in the work of the complex process of vibration parameters on-line test had not been able to solve very good. Peripheral vibration drilling machine spindle at work, at high speed spindle rotation velocity and high frequency oscillation, combined with its main components --- exciting drive their own quality of the smaller, so the sensor attached to the quality of weeks vibration The movement of spindle drilling machine, especially for some of the swing of the impact, if contact with sensors to measure, is sure to test the reliability and accuracy have a huge impact, which determines the need to contact all the way To measure the sensor can well meet the requirements of the system of measurement, this must be a non-contact way to measure. And the design of eddy current sensors (eddy current sensors in high-speed rotating machinery and mechanical movement of the reciprocating state analysis, vibration analysis measurement, high precision non-contact vibration and displacement signals can be accurately in a row Rotor collected a variety of parameters of the state) on the axis of the situation in the no-load test data will be carried out through the amplifier amplification, A / D will enlarge the data conversion, input AT89C51 single chip for data analysis, processing, by LED Will be LED-frequency vibration, the amplitude displayed.

 Key words：Sensor；Intelligent machines；Multi-parameter measurement；Mechanical vibration；Single-chip；

目         录

引      言 1
1  绪   论 2
1.1测试技术的现状与发展方向 2
1.2通用测试技术基础的关键技术 3
1.2单片机技术简介 6
1.2.1单片机技术的现状与发展趋势 9
1.2.2单片机技术的应用 11
2方案论证 11
2.1方案一 12
2.2方案二 12
2.3方案三 12
2.4方案的选择 12
3硬件设计 12
3.1传感器的选择 12
3.1.1电涡流式传感器原理与特性 13
3.1.2电涡流式传感器测量方法 15
3.2放大器设计 16
3.2.1用741集成运放设计放大电路 16
3.2.2用OP07设计放大电路 20
3.3抗混叠滤波 21
3.3.1硬件滤 21
3.3.2软件滤波 28
3.4取样—保持电路 32
3.5 A/D转换器 33
3.5.1 A/D转换的一般步骤、取样定理和选择要点 34
3.5.2 A/D转换原理 37
3.5.3 ADC0809模数转换 38
3.5.4 ADC0809的应用 42
3.6 8051单片机介绍 47
3.6.1  AT89C51主要特性及引脚说明 48
3.6.2单片机的硬件说明 51
3.7 74LS373锁存器 53
3.8 74LS273触发器 56
4应用软件 57
4.1  Proteus调试软件简介 57
4.2  Keil软件介绍 59
致   谢 62
参考文献 63
附录A：硬件接线图 64
附录B：英文资料与翻译 65