基于单片机的水温控制系统

论文编号:JD127  附开题报告,任务书,原理图,外文翻译,字数:24936,页数:57

摘  要
  
本系统为水温控制系统，其目的为了控制水的温度，一般控制系统都是使用单片机实现控制功能，本系统也不例外，又为了实现拓展功能－语音播报功能，权衡一下选择比较好的实现方案——使用凌阳单片机。
若采用89C51系列的单片机，还需要外加语音芯片，因此本系统采用具有语音信号处理功能的凌阳十六位单片机SPCE061A实现对水的温度控制，利用SPCE061A的简易开发板“61板”可以在线编程在线调试,并且开发环境友好易用可直接调用语音播放函数，基于这些优点可大大得简化工作量，缩短开发时间。
“61板”上具有按键电路，可用来设置想要的温度值；凌阳单片机的一大主要特色是具有语音信号处理功能，我们这里使用它的语音输出功能，可直接使用它的 “61板”上的音频输出电路，通过SPY0030功率放大器，驱动喇叭，完成语音播报功能。
数据采集使用在高温和氧化性介质中物理化学性能很稳定的PT1000，把采集的温度信号通过放大器放大之后送到单片机的模数转换端口（7个通道将模拟量信号转换为数字量信号，可直接通过引线IOA0-IOA6）这里我们选择IOA3口，通过PID算法我们编写程序写进单片机，比较设定值与当前值大小，然后产生相应的控制信号，输出到IOA4口来控制继电器的闭合或断开，从而控制热电炉。同时，本系统的数码显示电路，可用来显示温度的设定值和当前值.

关键字：SPCEL61A单片机；Pt1000；PID算法

Abstract

The system we study is a system to be control the temperature of water. Generally,we use Microchip to implement the controlling system.It is exceptly in our system.In order to carry out the function of brodcast the temperature ,We use the better blue print after we think deeply.so,we use SPCE061A which have the speech-signal processing function.
 If we use 89C51 ,They need to be a lot of  peripheral equipments.The system introduces 16 bit SPCE061A which was produced by LINGYAN company to control the temperature of the water.The “61 board”has the ability to programme on-line and debug on-line. Also,the exploitation circumstance is friendly and easily to use and can transfer the speech function directly.Based on these we can predigest the course of exploitation and use litterer time.
It uses key-press on the facility of “61 board” to set the temperature that wanted; SPCE061A has the ability to deal with speech signal processing.Its facility “61 board” has audio-output circuit.Using power amplifier SPY0030 to drive sperker,it will accomplish the ability to speech report.
 It uses PT1000 whose physical and chemistry  is steady on high temperature and oxidation circumstances as sensor to collect the datas of the water.Though the amplifier the signal can be magnified .then it is transmitted to the  port of A/D transform (There are 7 channels than can switch simulate signal into digital .we can use down-lead IOA0-IOA67directly.Then we chose IOA3 port )of the SPACE061A which  has been written programme. when the SPCE061A receives the signal,it will process the datas and control the temperature of water by control the electric cooker using PID arithmetic. At the same time,it has numeral show circuit to show the wanted and the current temperature.

Key words: SPACE061A;PT1000;PID arithmetic

目  录

引言.......................................................................1
1 水温控制系统的设计要求...................................................2
2系统硬件电路设计方案的选取................................................2
2.1测量部分................................................................2
2.2驱动控制部分............................................................2
2.3电路方框图及说明........................................................3
3  系统硬件电路设计........................................................3
3.1主控部分电路设计........................................................4
3.1.1 CPU介绍..............................................................4
3.1.2 SPCE061A简介.........................................................5
3.1.3 芯片的引脚排列和说明.................................................7
3.1.4 CPU与其外围电路设计连接..............................................9
3.2 键盘设置电路设计.......................................................10
3.2.1 键的特性及去抖方法...................................................10
3.2.2本系统中的去抖方法....................................................10
3.3  数码显示电路设计......................................................11 
3.3.1 数码管简单介绍.......................................................11
3.3.2 LED数码显示器的连接与编程............................................13
3.3.3 LED数码显示器件的检测................................................16
3.3.4数码管显示电路设计及电路分析..........................................16
3.4 音频输出电路设计.......................................................17
3.4.1 SPY0030功率放大器的介绍..............................................18
3.4.2 功率放大电路及电路分析...............................................19
3.5 热电炉控制电路设计.....................................................18
3.5.1 继电器的介绍.........................................................18
3.5.2 继电器控制电路及电路分析.............................................20
3.6 测温部分电路设计.......................................................22
3.6.1 Pt1000的介绍.........................................................22
3.6.2数据采集电路设计......................................................23
3.6.3  使用芯片LM324介绍...................................................24
4软件设计..................................................................26
4.1 PID控制算法介绍........................................................26
4.1.1PID各控制环节的作用...................................................27
4.1.2PID控制算式的数字化...................................................28
4.1.3 数字PID控制的工程实现................................................30
4.1.4智能PID控制...........................................................31
4.2 程序结构图.............................................................31
4.3 主程序流程图分析.......................................................32
4.4 中断流程图.............................................................33
5  电路板设计..............................................................34
5.1 Protel 99简介..........................................................34
5.2 设计原理图.............................................................34
5.3 焊接...................................................................35
6  调试测试做准备工作......................................................35
6.1 “61板”的焊接.........................................................35
6.2 “61板”的检测.........................................................36
6.3 “61板”特色...........................................................36
6.4 “61板”接口说明.......................................................37
6.4.1 输入/输出（I/O）接口.................................................37
6.4.2音频输入/输出接口.....................................................37
6.4.3 在线调试器PROBE和EZ_PROBE接口........................................37
6.4.4 电源接口.............................................................38
6.4.5 外部复位.............................................................38
6.5 十六位单片机集成开发环境简介...........................................39
7  实现水温控制的调试测试过程..............................................39
7.1 利用“61板”实现本系统电路功能 ........................................39
7.2 整块板的组装与测试.....................................................40
7.3 调试...................................................................40
7.4 测试方法和测试结果.....................................................40
8  总结....................................................................41
谢辞.......................................................................42
参考文献...................................................................43
附录.......................................................................44