基于单片机PIC16F877的环境监测系统的设计

论文编号:JD138  附开题报告,大图,字数:12272,页数:29

摘   要
随着国家对环境污染问题的重视和公众环境保护意识的提高，无论是控制或防治环境污染和环境恶化，还是从改善环境质量等各个方面，环境保护都是十分重要。
本文首先分析了国内外环境监测方面的现状，提出开发了一种新型环境智能监控系统。它以微控制器 PIC16F877为核心，采集显示环境的各项运行参数，实现越限报警功能，配置新式的微型低功耗传感器，实现温度、湿度、光照度、有害气体浓度等参数的采集处理、存储、通信等功能。论文重点研究环境监测智能监控系统的硬件结构和软件流程。硬件部分具体分析了各种传感器的选用、模拟量处理电路、单片机及外围电路、显示电路和通讯接口电路。软件部分介绍了环境智能监控系统的软件算法，包括主程序流程图、数据采集、键盘扫描、针对传感器的程序设计、显示、上位机通讯。由于该工作环境恶劣，存在各种干扰。论文提出了环境智能监控系统提高抗干扰能力的措施，主要从硬件和软件两个方面采取措施。
本系统可提供准确可靠的环境动监测数据，及时、准确、系统地收集、汇总环境数据，实现对大范围区域的环境实时监测。

关键字：单片机；传感器；智能监测；存储器
According to single slab the design of system of the environment monitor of the machine PIC16 F877
Abstract
With the national attention on the problem of environmental pollution and the improving public awareness of environmental protection, either control or prevention of environmental pollution and environmental degradation, nor improve the environment quality, and other various aspects, environmental protection is very important.
The status of the domestic and international environmental monitoring are analyzed, a new smart environmental monitoring system are developed. It is PIC16F877 microcontroller as the core, the operating parameters of the environment are collected and showed, and achieves alarm functions. The new low-power micro-sensors are collocated to achieve collection of the parameters which include temperature, humidity, light, the concentration of harmful gases, and other parameters, and then the functions about processing, storage, and communications are achieved. It focuses on the hardware and software processes of environmental monitoring intelligent monitoring system. It is specifically analyzed in hardware part that the selection of a variety of sensors, analog processing circuit, microcontroller and external circuit, show circuit and communications interface circuits. On the software part, it's about those software algorithms of the environment intelligent monitoring system, including the main program flow charts, data collection, and keyboard scan, the procedure design for sensor, display, and PC communications. As the poor working environment, various kinds of interference are existing. So the anti-jamming measures are advanced to enhance the ability of the environment monitoring system, taking measures mainly from two aspects of hardware and software.
This system will provide accurate and reliable environment monitoring data. It's timely, accurate and systematic that collection, gather environmental data, and achieving real-time monitoring environment at large areas.

Key words：Single slab machine；Transducer；The intelligence examine；Memory

目   录
摘   要........................................................................ I
Abstract.......................................................................II
1绪论 ........................................................................ .1
1.1环境监测技术的发展...........................................................1
1.2本文的立论依据 ..............................................................1
1.3本文的主要工作及内容安排 ....................................................2
2.1总体设计说明 ................................................................1
2.2核心电路设计 ................................................................2
2.2.1最小系统...................................................................2
2.2.2电源部分 ..................................................................3
2.2.3液晶显示模块...............................................................4
2.2.4按键模块...................................................................5
2.2.5通信模块 ..................................................................6
2.2.6传感器模块.................................................................7
2.2.7实时时钟电路...............................................................8
2.2.8存储器模块 ............................................................... 9
2.2.9声光报警模块 ..............................................................10
3软件设计.......................................................................11
3.1总体设计 ....................................................................11
3.2判断控制子程序...............................................................12
3.3液晶显示程序设计.............................................................13
3.4键盘处理子程序...............................................................14
3.5模拟量输入采集程序设计.......................................................15
3.6通信子程序设计...............................................................16
4.1 硬件抗干扰设计 .............................................................17
4.1.1 选择可靠的元器件 .........................................................17
4.1.2 屏蔽措施..................................................................17
4.1.3 电源抗干扰措施........................................................... 17
4.1.4 过程通道抗干扰措施 .......................................................18
4.1.5 印制电路板抗干扰设计 .....................................................18
4.2 软件抗干扰设计..............................................................18
5结论 ..........................................................................20
5.1结论........................................................................ 20
5.2本课题的应用前景 ............................................................20
致   谢........................................................................ 22
参考文献 .......................................................................23