大功率电器智能识别与用电安全控制器的设计

论文编号:JD154  字数:20936,页数:48

一、基本任务及要求：
本课题要求针对一般公寓用电管理及用电安全存在的一些问题，进行调研分析，设计能智用电控制器。能在设定的总功率范围内智能识别大功率电器并限制其使用，并能通过串行通信和网络管理实现对各居住楼以及生活区的管理。                                         
主要设计内容为： ①确定控制器以及网络管理的总体设计方案；②硬件原理设计，完成参数计算与元器件选择，控制器原理图的设计；③应用软件的设计与调试；⑤*以及联网管理软件及操作界面的设计；

摘要：由于学校宿舍的用电管理和用电安全存在着众多问题，所以我们设计了一个以单片机为核心能自动识别大功率电器并能限制其使用的智能用电控制器。介绍了系统的组成、主要模块的工作原理及程序流程图。该控制器主要适用于学生寝室、集体宿舍、教室、等一些集体公共场所。当有常规小功率电器接入时，电流的瞬间变化量将不会超过设定值，电路能正常供电。而当有单个功率在设定值以上的电器接入时，瞬时电流的变化量将超过允许使用单个电器的上限值，单片机主控器将切断电源，能有效的防范学生在宿舍内使用大功率禁用电器，减少安全隐患节约电能。
关键词：智能识别、单片机、串行A/D、RS485总线

Abstract:Because the electrical management and safety problems widely existed in dormitories, a chip microcomputer-based intelligent electrical controller which can automatically identify high-power electric appliances was developed. With the ability of prevent using banned high-power electric appliances, this design can be applied in dormitories, classrooms, and some other public places to reduce incipient fault of safety. Besides, it needs less electric energy to run than other systems with similar function. As have routine little power electric apparatus connect fashionable, person who change can exceed the establishing value twinkling of an eye in electric current, circuit Yes to supply power normally. And as have power above electric apparatus of establishing etc. at inserting circuit , instantaneous change amount of electric current exceed limit of having used to allow, it should be worth that the one-chip computer will cut the power. This work introduced the element of this system, operating principle of its main block and flowchart of its program.
Key words:intelligent identification、chip-microcomputer、serial A/D、RS485 bus

目   录

摘 要 ............................................................................ Ⅰ
Abstract.......................................................................... Ⅱ
第1 章  绪论 ......................................................................1
1.1 用电管理的意义................................................................ 1
1.2 用电管理的发展及前景 ..........................................................2
1.3 课题的来源及主要研究内容.......................................................4
1.3.1 课题来源 ....................................................................4
1.3.2 主要研究内容 ................................................................4
第2章  系统硬件的介绍及元件的选择................................................. 5
2.1 系统的主要组成................................................................ 5
2.2 系统及各主要模块的介绍.........................................................6
2.2.1 数据检测模块................................................................ 6
2.2.2 控制模块................................................................ ....6
2.2.3 继电器执行模块 ..............................................................7
2.2.4 中继模块.................................................................... 7
第3章  系统的硬件设计..............................................................8
3.1 数据检测模块的设计 ............................................................8
3.2 控制模块的设计 ................................................................9
3.2.1 单片机的介绍及选择 ..........................................................9
3.2.2 控制模块的设计 ..............................................................12
3.2.3 时钟与复位电路...............................................................14
3.3 继电器执行模块 ................................................................15
3.3.1 光电耦合器的介绍 ............................................................15
3.3.2 光电耦合电路................................................................ 16
3.3.3 继电器电路的设计.............................................................16
3.4 中继模块的设计................................................................ 16
3.4.1 模块总线标准的确定 ..........................................................17
3.4.2 系统使用的MAX485芯片介绍 ....................................................17
3.4.3 多机通信.................................................................... 18
3.5 电源电路设计 ..................................................................21
3.6 断电保护电路 ..................................................................24
第4章  大功率负载智能识别算法 .....................................................27
4.1 傅立叶变换法 ..................................................................27
4.2小波变换法 .....................................................................29
4.3 本系统采用的算法 ..............................................................30
第5章  系统程序设计............................................................... 31
5.1 主程序算法分析 ................................................................31
5.2程序流程 .......................................................................32
5.2.1 主程序流程 ..................................................................33
5.2.2 初始化子程序................................................................ 33
5.2.3 A/D转换子程序流程图 .........................................................34
5.2.4 差值比较算法子程序流程图 ....................................................35
5.2.5 减法子程序流程图 ............................................................36
5.2.6 比较子程序流程图 ............................................................37
5.2.7 通信子程序了流程图.......................................................... 38
5.2.8 控制子程序流程图 ............................................................39
结束语 ............................................................................40
参考文献.......................................................................... 41
致谢  .............................................................................42
附录系统硬件电路设计总图..........................................................43