电机车智能防撞系统

论文编号:JD1160  论文字数:17324,页数:40  附部分电路仿真

摘  要

 随着科学技术的发展，机车水平及运行速度的提高，对机车可靠性、安全性及高效性提出了更高的要求，同时机车的安全问题受到人们的重视。目前，我国对电机车的安全性研究主要是针对于高速机车的主动安全防护及机车车体的被动防护。工厂所使用的电机车防撞系统需要从国外引进，成本高，普遍推广困难。本课题就是针对工厂需求实际，通过对国外同类产品进行研究，并从机车使用中遇到的实际情况入手，研究开发了电机车智能防撞系统。
 电机车智能防撞系统主要由智能防撞设备和LCD显示设备两部分组成。本文主要完成了智能防撞系统的硬件搭建和软件开发工作。该系统以单片机AT89C52为核心控制部件，通过读取激光测距传感器和编码器中的距离和速度数据，经分析判断，实现报警停车的功能。电机车智能防撞系统具有自动检测并跟踪显示同轨运行的两辆电机车的距离的功能，当达到设置的报警距离时发出光报警，当达到设置的安全极限距离时强制停车。系统硬件采用独立电源、光电隔离、屏蔽外壳等措施加强系统的抗干扰性能，使系统能够在恶劣的条件下正常运行。系统软件所有任务都在“看门狗”程序监视下完成。这种软件组织结构使系统更加可靠，可预测。
 系统整体设计合理，基本上实现了预期的目标。本系统精确度较高、应用范围广，具有很好的市场前景。

关键词：电机车；单片机；防撞

ABSTRACT
 With the fast development of science and technology, better performance and higher operational speed of electrical locomotives have required much more than before on reliability，safety and efficiency. At present, studies on the safety operation of electrical locomotives in China focus on the active safe guard of high-speed locomotive and the passive safe guard of their bodywork. On the other hand, the crashworthy system of those locomotives being used in Chinese factories have to be imported from abroad with high cost and difficulty in wide promotion. According to the actual needs and present situation in Chinese factories, based on studies of the same type of foreign products, the thesis, therefore, provides us with some studies and development of the intelligent crashworthy system of electrical locomotive.
 The intelligent crashworthy system of electrical locomotive is consisted of two parts: intelligent crashworthy equipment and wireless sound communication equipment. This thesis presents the readers both the hardware construction and the software development of this system. The core control unit of the intelligent crashworthy system is the singlechip AT89C52, which is used to read distance and speed data from the laser telemeter sensor as well as the photoelectric coder before giving us an alarm of stopping the locomotive by the analysis and comparison of the afore-mentioned received data. Furthermore, this crashworthy system is able to synchronously show the distance between two locomotives running on the same track. Once reaching the set alarming distance, the sound alarm rings; once reaching the set safe maximum distance, the locomotive is forced to shut down. while the software contains a time-triggered embedded system, ensuring the reliable and predicable performance of the whole system.
 Which meets our prospective goal on the whole. This intelligent crashworthy system of electrical locomotive, high-precise, low price with wide application, is expected to be favorably marketable.
Key Words: Electrical Locomotive; Singlechip; Crashworthy

目    录

摘要----------------------------------------------------Ⅰ
Abstract----------------------------------------------Ⅱ
第一章  绪论 ---------------------------------------------1
 1.1国内外研究状况及发展趋势-----------------------------1
 1.2主要研究内容-----------------------------------------2
第二章  系统总体方案设计 -------------------------------3
 2.1电机车智能防撞系统的工作原理----------------------3
 2.2 电机车智能防撞系统的总体方案-----------------------3
 2.3系统各组成部分介绍----------------------------------4
第三章  电机车防撞仪的硬件电路设计-----------------5
 3.1系统硬件总体设计结构----------------------------------5
     3.1.1硬件设计原则---------------------------------------5
     3.1.2总体结构设计---------------------------------------6
 3.2单片机的选择----------------------------------------6
 3.3测距传感器的选择-------------------------------------8
 3.3.1测距传感器的比较-------------------------------8
 3.3.2 DLS-A30激光测距传感器的特点及应用--------------10
 3.4速度传感器的选择-----------------------------------11
     3.4.1旋转编码器的分类-------------------------------11
     3.4.2旋转编码器的选择-------------------------------12
 3.5 通信接口的设计-------------------------------------13
 3.5.1串行通信总线接口标准RS-2320的选用------------13
 3.5.2 MAX232电路设计------------------------------15
 3.6四倍频电路设计----------------------------------16
     3.6.1 QA740210简介--------------------------------17
     3.6.2  QA740210 四倍频电路连接------------------------18
 3.7差分转换电路设计-----------------------------------18
     3.7.1 DS8820双差分线驱动器简介----------------------18
     3.7.2双差分驱动电路连接------------------------19
 3.8 LED工作指示电路设计---------------------------------19
 3.9液晶显示设计---------------------------------------20
第四章  电机车防撞仪系统软件程序设计-----------------22
 4.1软件设计概述---------------------------------------22
 4.2编程语言的选用---------------------------------------23
 4.3程序框图设计---------------------------------------23
第五章  系统的可靠性及抗干扰设计--------------------25
 5.1系统可靠性概述 ------------------------------------25
 5.2系统硬件的抗干扰设计 ------------------------------26
 5.3系统软件的抗干扰设计-------------------------------27
结论 ----------------------------------------------------29
参考文献-------------------------------------------------30
致谢-----------------------------------------------------32
附录-------------------------------------------------------33