基于单片微型计算机的测距仪

论文编号:JD077   字数:14068,页数:41

摘要  本文介绍了AT89C51单片机的性能和特点，利用模拟电子技术，数字电子技术，微机接口原理，超声波等知识，分析了测距仪的现状，对用超声波传感器作为媒介，实现测距功能的可行性做出分析，在此基础上设计出的超声波测距仪。详细地介绍了设计测距仪的思路和所需考虑的问题，给出了实现超声波测距方案的硬件电路，硬件设计系统框图，以及相应的软件程序。
关键词：单片机 超声波 测距仪
Based on single-chip micro-computer rangefinder
Department of electronic information engineering, Class 3，2003
Author: Zeng Haidong
Guidance: Luo Ping   lecturer
(Department of electronic science in Huizhou University , Huizhou, Guangdong, 516007)

Abstract  This paper introduces the AT89C51 features and performance simulations of electronic technology and digital electronics technology, Computer Interface principle, ultrasonic knowledge of the status of rangefinders, ultrasonic sensors as the medium, Ranging achieve functional analysis of the feasibility, based on the design of ultrasonic range finders. Details on the design rangefinders ideas and the need to be considered, is the realization of the program Ultrasonic Ranging hardware, hardware design system block diagram, and the corresponding software program.
Keywords：Single-Chip microcomputer Ultrasonic rangefinder
目录

前言....................................................................1
1 绪论..................................................................2
1.1课题的背景和意义.....................................................2
1.2 课题任务............................................................2
2 设计原理..............................................................4
2.1 传感器..............................................................4
2.1.1 传感器的定义......................................................4
2.1.2 传感器的组成......................................................4
2.1.3 传感器的特性......................................................4
2.1.4 传感器应用可行性..................................................5
2.2 总体设计思想........................................................6
2.2.1 方案比较..........................................................6
2.2.2本设计选择方案.....................................................7
3 硬件设计..............................................................9
3.1硬件电路设计.........................................................9
3.2单片机控制系统......................................................10
3.2.1 单片机系统.......................................................10
3.2.2 单片机辅助系统...................................................11
3.3超声波产生..........................................................12
3.4超声波接收..........................................................14
3.5超声波的传输特性....................................................15
3.6超声波发射电路......................................................15
3.7超声波接收电路......................................................16
3.8显示电路............................................................19
4 系统软件设计.........................................................19
4.1系统主程序..........................................................19
4.2系统初始化程序......................................................21
4.3 显示程序...........................................................22
4.4 延时程序...........................................................22
5 调试.................................................................23
5.1 调试...............................................................23
5.2 试验结果与误差分析.................................................23
5.2.1 试验结果.........................................................23
5.2.2 误差分析.........................................................24
结论...................................................................25
致谢...................................................................26
参考文献...............................................................27
附录...................................................................28
A.51单片机说明.........................................................28
B.元器件清单...........................................................32
C.使用说明.............................................................33
D.系统源程序...........................................................34
E.电路原理图...........................................................41