Under the tide of economic globalization, China's market economy is developing continuously, and the new changes and policies in the new era are complicated and complicated, which put forward higher requirements and greater challenges for the audit industry in China. The audit report issued by the certified public accountant has the independence, the function has three: one is the authentication, two is the protection, three is the proof. However, the outbreak of audit failure cases in China has followed one after another, which has caused considerable doubt to the audit ability and quality of certified public accountants, shaken the trust of the society to the professional audit of accounting firms, and also caused a series of negative effects. Therefore, by exploring the theories of domestic and foreign scholars and taking the audit failure of zhonglei accounting firm as the object of exploration, this paper analyses the reasons for the audit failure of certified public accountants.