泵房制动与控制装置设计

论文编号:JX244 所有图纸,外文翻译。论文字数:54119.页数:101

摘    要

      本设计方案在水泵车上加制动装置，泵车上的盘式制动器成对安装于轨道两侧，盘式制动器所需压力油用在泵车安装的液压站供给，采用液压打开，无压时碟形弹簧制动，采用抱轨制动方式。这种制动方式属于事故安全型，即无论什么原因造成液压系统失压(断电、电磁阀不动作等等)，制动器都可以在碟形弹簧力作用下使泵车安全制动。
 本设计制动系统使用盘式制动器，可以在有限的设备布置空间内，尽可能多设置制动单元，使得泵房提升系统的制动失效概率降至最小。采用对称式管路布置，以均衡各制动器之间的动作时间，保证制动的同时性和可靠性。另外，液压泵站采用了的中高压液压驱动设计和较小的工作流量，以减少液压系统的沿程阻力损失和局部压力损失，减少管路内部油液撞击。以上各个特性可以表明：液压盘式制动系统是一套常闭制动系统，较之块式制动器的系统具有制动原理简洁可靠，上闸响应快，多点制动同时性好等特点。
由于泵房提升前，必须先使制动器松闸。泵房在运行时，遇到特殊原因（如断绳）时需紧急制动。故此次设计中设置了压力继电器和P606型重力传感器。以先检测系统压力和泵房牵引状态并把检测值送入PLC。实现自动控制，并能在遇到突发状况。如：牵引设备故障产生溜车、钢丝绳断绳或系统断电时，制动器应自动上闸，紧急制动。

关键词：
泵房提升系统  盘式制动器  碟型弹簧 液压系统自动化控制

ABSTRACT

This design proposal adds the arresting gear on the water pump vehicle, on the pump vehicle's disc brake paired mounting in the orbital both sides, the disc brake needs the pressure oil to use the hydraulic pressure station supplies which installs in the pump vehicle, uses the hydraulic pressure to open, not when pressure the small dish shape spring applies the brake, to use holds the axle brake way. This brake way belongs to the accident security, namely, regardless of any reason causes the hydraulic system to lose presses (power failure, solenoid valve not to act and so on), the brake may cause the pump vehicle safety arrestment under the small dish shape spring action of force.
This design braking system use disc brake, may in the limited arrangement of equipment space, the multi-establishment brake unit, cause the pump house lift system's brake fade probability to drop to as far as possible is smallest. Uses the symmetrical expression pipeline arrangement, by the balanced various brakes' between operating time, guaranteed applies the brake synchrony and reliability. Moreover, the hydraulic pressure pumping station has used the Neutral high hydraulic pressure actuation design and the small work current capacity, reduces the hydraulic system along the regulation resistance loss and the local pressure loss, reduces the pipeline interior fat liquor hit. Above each characteristic may indicate: The hydraulic pressure disc type braking system is a set often shuts the braking system, has the brake principle succinctly compared with block brake's system reliable, on the floodgate responds quickly, Tray shape brake  synchrony good and so on characteristics.
Because before the pump house promotion, must make the brake loose floodgate first. Pump house when movement, meets the special reason (for example breaks rope) when needs the emergency brake. Therefore in a design has established the pressure switch and the P606 gravity sensor. By examines the system pressure and the pump house hauling condition and sends in the examination value first PLC. Realizes the automatic control, and can meet the sudden outbreak. For example: The towing device breakdown produces when the accelerating-coasting, the steel wire break the rope or the system power failure, the brake should on the automatic floodgate, the emergency brake.
Keywords：
Pump house lift system； Disc brake；Dish shape spring；Hydraulic system；Automated control

目录 ..........................................................................1
1 绪论 ........................................................................5
1.1 选题的背景和意义.......................................................... 5
1.1.1 选题背景 ................................................................5
1.1.2 意义 ....................................................................6
1.1.3 设计思路 ................................................................6
1.2 制动器简介 ................................................................7
1.2.1制动器分类............................................................... 7
1.2.2制动系统的工作原理 .......................................................8
1.2.3制动器性能 ...............................................................8
1.2.4 制动系的组成 ............................................................9
1.3 制动器的功用 ..............................................................9
1.3.1 鼓式制动器 ..............................................................9
1.3.2 盘式制动器 ..............................................................12
2 制动系整体方案确定 ..........................................................15
2.1 制动器的类型选择 ..........................................................15
2.2 制动器方案确定 ............................................................16
2.2.1 液压缸.................................................................. 17
2.2.2 碟形弹簧 ................................................................17
2.3 液压系统方案设计 ..........................................................18
2.4 确定整体设计方案 ..........................................................19
3 制动器结构设计...............................................................21
3.1负载分析................................................................... 21
3.1.1 参数计算................................................................ 21
3.1.2 液压缸负载计算 ..........................................................21
3.2 制动器结构尺寸确定 ........................................................23
3.2.1 制动器的计算原则 ........................................................23
3.2.2 制动器结构设计计算...................................................... 23
3.3 缸体组件及连接形式 ........................................................34
3.3.1 缸体组件................................................................ 34
3.3.2 缸体组件的连接形式 ......................................................35
3.4 活塞组件及连接形式........................................................ 35
3.4.1 活塞组件................................................................ 35
3.4.2 活塞组件的连接形式...................................................... 36
3.5 密封装置 ..................................................................36
3.5.1 O形密封圈 ...............................................................36
3.5.2 Y形密封圈 ...............................................................37
3.6 缓冲装置.................................................................. 38
3.6.1 圆柱形环隙式缓冲装置.................................................... 38
3.6.2 圆锥形环隙式缓冲装置.................................................... 38
3.6.3 可变节流槽式缓冲装置.................................................... 39
3.6.4 可调节流孔式缓冲装置.................................................... 39
3.7 排气装置 ..................................................................39
4 液压系统设计 ................................................................40
4.1 液压系统设计计算 ..........................................................40
4.1.1 确定回路方式............................................................ 40
4.1.2 液压油选用.............................................................. 40
4.1.3 初定系统压力 ............................................................40
4.1.4 选择执行元件 ............................................................40
4.1.5 确定液压泵类型.......................................................... 41
4.1.6 选择换向回路 ............................................................41
4.1.7 绘制液压系统原理图 ......................................................42
4.2 液压泵选择............................................................... .42
4.2.1 齿轮泵分类与工作原理： ..................................................43
4.2.2 外啮合齿轮泵结构组成.................................................... 44
4.2.3 液压泵的参数计算........................................................ 44
4.2.4 电动机的功率计算: .......................................................46
4.2.5 电动机的安装形式:....................................................... 46
4.3 液压控制元件和装置的选择 ..................................................47
4.3.1 选取的原则.............................................................. 47
4.3.2 元件的选取...............................................................47
4.3.3 液压辅助元件选择与设计 ..................................................51
4.3.4 油箱的设计和计算........................................................ 54
4.3.5 液压泵组的连接和安装方式 ................................................59
5 阀块的设计 ..................................................................62
5.1 阀块的设计主要事项 ........................................................62
5.2 液压阀块的结构............................................................ 62
5.3 液压阀块设计 ..............................................................62
6 液压系统的调试.............................................................. 67
7 液压系统的合理使用 ..........................................................68
8 液压泵站电气控制 ............................................................71
8.1 传感器设计................................................................ 71
8.1.1 传感器分类 ..............................................................71
8.1.2 选择使用传感器时应的问题 ................................................71
8.1.3 传感器在机械工程中的应用................................................ 72
8.1.4 力传感器 ................................................................72
8.2 行程开关设计.............................................................. 73
8.3 PLC设计 ...................................................................74
8.3.1 PLC的构成............................................................... 74
8.3.2 PLC的通信联网 ...........................................................76
8.3.3 PLC的特点 ...............................................................76
8.4 泵房制动器的PLC控制....................................................... 77
8.4.1 泵房制动器的工作情况 ....................................................77
8.4.2 系统配置 ................................................................77
8.4.3 I/O接线图 ...............................................................78
8.4.4 设计梯形图.............................................................. 78
结语.......................................................................... 80
参考文献 ......................................................................81
英文原文...................................................................... 83
中文翻译 ......................................................................94