无线网络化Zigbee技术在矿井监控系统中的应用

论文编号:TX261  论文字数:20328,页数:52

摘要
 目前，国家对煤矿安全生产的重视程度己提高到前所未有的高度，但是煤矿安全生产事故还是不断地发生，而事故发生后抢险救灾和安全救护的不力，在很大程度暴露出目前的监控系统所存在的诸如对井下工作人员管理困难和无法实时全面检测矿井环境变化等问题。
    本文着手于解决上述问题，介绍了以无线传感器网络技术为平台的井下检测系统的设计与实现。该系统由数据采集子系统、数据处理子系统和地面监控中心的管理子系统三部分组成。数据采集子系统采集移动传感终端采集数据，然后将数据发送至数据处理子系统，由其完成对数据的分析与处理，最后将结果发送至管理子系统，从而完成对井下工作环境的监控。  
 针对无线传感器网络技术的特点，一项新的技术标准ZigBee技术在2002年被提出并不断被更新和完善，并获得了广泛的支持。ZigBee技术作为一种新兴的近距离、低复杂度、低功耗、低数据速率、低成本的无线网络技术，主要用于近距离无线连接。它有自己的协议标准，在数千个微小的传感器之间相互协调实现通信，这些传感器只需要很少的能量，以接力的方式通过无线电波将数据从一个传感器传到另一个传感器，所以其通信效率非常高。
    本文首先介绍了ZigBee技术的发展现状、ZigBee技术规范及ZigBee芯片CC2430的特点。其次具体论述了采用CC2430完成温湿度测量系统与瓦斯测量系统的设计方案，讨论了无线网络的功耗管理方法、无线网络的配置、利用片内温度传感器与瓦斯传感器检测环境温度和瓦斯浓度、从节点数据的发送、主节点对数据的接收及上传给上位机显示等内容。

关键词: 煤矿安全;无线传感器网络;ZigBee; IEEE802.15.4; CC2430;无线通信

ABSTRACT

 At present, the state's coal mine safety production has to increase the degree of importance attached to an unprecedented level, but the production of coal mine safety accidents continue to occur, after the accident and emergency rescue and disaster relief and security of the poor ambulance to a large extent exposed the current monitoring the existence of the system of underground work, such as personnel management difficulties and can not be fully real-time detection of mines and other issues of environmental change.      In this paper, to solve the above problems started to introduce a wireless sensor network technology for mine detection system platform design and implementation. The system consists of data acquisition subsystem, data-processing subsystem and the ground to monitor the management subsystem is composed of three parts. Acquisition of mobile data acquisition subsystem sensor data collection terminal, and then the data sent to data processing subsystem, by its completion of the data analysis and processing, the final results sent to the management of Sub-Commission, which completed its monitoring of underground working environment.       Wireless sensor network technology for the characteristics of a new technology standard ZigBee technology has been put forward in 2002 and has been continuously updated and improved, and received wide support. ZigBee technology emerging as a close-up, low-complexity, low-power, low data rate, low-cost wireless networking technology, mainly for short distance wireless connection. It has its own protocol standards, in thousands of tiny sensors to achieve communication between the co-ordination, the sensor requires very little energy, a way to relay the data through radio waves from one sensor to another sensor, so its communication efficiency is very high.      This article first introduced the development of ZigBee technology, ZigBee technology ZigBee specification and characteristics of the CC2430 chip. The second discusses the use of specific temperature and humidity CC2430 complete measurement system with the gas measurement system design, to discuss the power consumption of wireless network management, wireless network configuration, the use of chip temperature sensors and gas sensors detect the ambient temperature and gas concentration, from node to send data, the main node to receive and upload data to the host computer display, etc.

Key words： coal mine safety; wireless sensor networks; ZigBee; IEE802.15.4; CC2430; wireless communicatio

目录
目录 I
无线网络化Zigbee技术在矿井监控系统中的应用 III
摘要 III
关键词 III
ABSTRACT IV
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 问题的提出与研究意义 1
1.1.1　问题的提出 1
1.1.2　研究意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 2
1.3本论文研究内容 3
第二章  Zigbee技术及其在矿井通信中应用的可行性分析 4
2.1  目前现有几种无线网络标准的比较 4
2.2  矿井设备及Zigbee技术的特点 5
2.3 ZigBee技术的基本原理 8
2.3.1物理层技术 11
2.3.2 MAC层概述 13
2.4 zigBee网络拓扑结构 13
2.4.1 星型拓扑结构网络 14
2.4.2 树簇型网络 14
2.4.3 网状（MESH）网络 14
2.4.4 小结 15
第三章  ZigBee收发器CC2430主要结构 16
3.1 无线收发芯片的选择 16
3.2无线收发模块CC2430的主要特点 17
3.3  CC2430芯片的引脚功能 18
3.3.1  I/O端口线引脚功能 19
3.3.2电源线引脚功能 20
3.3.3 控制线引脚功能 20
3.4  CC2430无线收发器 21
第四章   系统总体方案设计 23
4.1 整体设计思路 23
4.1.1 系统的结构和功能 23
4.1.2传感器节点的关键组成 24
4.2无线传输单元 25
4.3电源模块 26
第五章    硬件设计 27
5.1 中心节点无线收发硬件设计 27
5.2  电源模块的设计 28
5.3  计算机接口电路的设计 29
5.4瓦斯浓度采集模块 30
5.5 温湿度采集模块 33
第六章 节点软件设计 34
6.1终端软件设计 34
6.2节点应用程序设计 34
6.3 瓦斯浓度采集模块 35
6.4  温湿度采集模块 38
6.4 电源能量检测模块 38
第七章 结束语 41
参考文献 42
致谢 43
附录 44
附录一：接收和发送数据部分程序 44