关键词:服务贸易、壁垒、经济测度
A Review on the Economic Effects of Barriers to the Trade in Services
ABSTRACT
The trade in service has been developing faster and plays a more important role in the International economic trade. Because of the particularity, most countries have taken controlling measure. With the development of the globalization of international economic and the dependence of each economy, it acquires the liberalization of services trade. During the multi-negotiation of cutting the services trade barriers, an indicator is needed to measure the barriers in each economy’s. Under the indicator, economies can estimate their liberalization in order to establish standard, so that a solution is concluded finally. However, it is a disputed problem that how to reduce services trade barriers. Most barriers to services trade are no-measured policies. If the barriers to services trade can been measured, it can also been a guideline for the negotiation of cutting services trade barriers.
There are many different definition and classification of the barriers to the trade in service by the scholars. This paper summarizes several representative ones based different points such as Hoekman who defined the services trade barriers on the point of services customers. The research on the measurement of services trade barriers have been developed recently. The measurements have two types: size measurement and effect measurement. Hoekman constructed the basic frequency measurement which is the most mature tool in the size measurement, and the scholars develop and extend it, such as Australia team used more information and a better system to estimate barriers in specific department. However, effect measurements need plenty information which is hardly, its results is also hardly accuracy. The negotiation of cutting the barriers focus on the size of the barriers to services trade, furthermore, the calculation of the effect of the barriers and the request of the information are more complicated. The paper argues that effects should be focused on the development of size measures in order to indicate the reduction of services trade barriers in GATS negotiations.