摘 要
生物柴油是一种环境友好型可再生资源,主要是通过可再生资源(例如：植物油、动物脂肪等)进行醇解而制得的脂肪酸酯，它包括脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸乙酯、脂肪酸丙酯等，其性能与矿物柴油相近，可作为石油燃料的取代产品。采用传统的均相催化剂生产工艺制备生物柴油由于后处理复杂，易产生酸碱性废水，污染环境等原因，已与绿色化工理念相悖。本文综述了用于催化油脂酯交换反应制备生物柴油的固体碱催化剂的研究进展，分析了各种固体碱催化剂的特性，并对用于制备生物柴油的固体碱催化剂研究方向进行展望。考察了催化剂不同组成，催化剂用量，反应时间等因素对生物柴油产率的影响。优化出该反应最适宜的操作条件为：催化剂焙烧温度为120℃、酸醇摩尔比为12：1、催化剂用量占大豆油用量的3%、反应时间6小时、MgO/La2O3 (n MgO / n La2O3 =1.0)。在该条件下，产品产率可达86.4%。
关键词：生物柴油，固体碱催化剂，酯交换
Abstract
Biodiesel was a environment-friendly and renewable energy and it was fatty acid ester，which is mainly obtained through alcoholysis of renewable resources (such as : vegetable oil, animal fats, etc.). It includes fatty acid methyl ester ，fatty acid ethyl ester，and fatty acid propyl ester and can be used as fuel for the replacement products .Their properties are similar to mineral diesel. Traditional biodiesel production technologies of homogeneous catalysts had deficiency, such as difficult to separate catalysts and bring about some environmental problems. Several solid base catalysts for biodiesel production were reviewed, and the characteristic was analyzed. The direction of the development of heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production in the future was presented. Some effects on the biodiesel yield was investigated，such as the composition of calcinations, the amount of catalyst, the time of reaction, etc. In conclusion , the most appropriate operating conditions was demonstrated: 120℃，12：1，3%，6h ，MgO/La2O3 (n MgO / n La2O3 =1.0)，mentioned as above. In the conditions, the yield was 86.4%.
Key words: Biodiesel，solid base catalysts，transesterification
