题目(英文) Analysis of the Features of English Translation of Introductory Texts in West Lake Scenic Area
题目(中文) 分析景点翻译的特点-以西湖风景区为例
Abstract
China is a large tourism country. With a long history and rich tourism resources, China has attracted many international friends. In this process, the translation of tourist attractions plays an important role. English translation of tourist attractions is aimed at foreign friends, mainly to introduce tourist attractions to foreign friends and promote traditional Chinese culture. Accurate and reasonable translation can not only promote the development of China's tourism economy, but also promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture to a larger international stage. English and Chinese belong to different language families. There are great differences in language itself and way of thinking. Understanding and mastering the differences between the two languages is the basis of translation. The translation of tourist attractions mainly takes into account the practicability. It requires not only a complete translation of the names of tourist attractions, but also a precise expression of the significance of tourist attractions, that is, the Chinese culture behind the tourist attractions. How to accurately express the Chinese culture behind the tourist attractions is the key and difficult point in tourism translation. Translation's understanding of the meaning of the original text is far from a simple problem of language understanding. It is influenced and restricted by culture (Nida, 1993:116). Therefore, translation should not only focus on the transformation between the two languages, but also understand the meaning behind them through the surface of the language, which requires the translator to be rooted in the two cultures and take appropriate measures to deal with them according to the actual situation Translation of Chinese culture.
2.Tourism translation and scenic spot translation6
2.1 The concept of tourism translation6
2.2 Classification of tourism translation7
2.3 ommon translation skills8
2.4 Characteristics of English translation of West Lake scenic spot names9
3、 Conclusion11
References12
1.Introduction
As we all know, Hangzhou is a tourist city. The most famous scenic spot is the West Lake. In recent years, more and more international friends choose to travel, work or live in Hangzhou. The translation of relevant places, especially scenic spots, is becoming more and more important, especially in the era of the Internet with smooth information. The level of translation not only shows the translator's personal translation level, but also shows the cultural background and city style of the city. Therefore, in the process of translation, translators need to have a deep understanding of English language and culture, and then make the best translation according to the actual meaning of our scenic spots.
2.Tourism translation and scenic spot translation
2.1 The concept of tourism translation
Professor Chen Gang defines tourism translation as follows: tourism translation should be translation (practice) for tourism activities, tourism majors and industries, which belongs to professional translation. Generally speaking, tourism translation is a kind of cross language, cross society, cross time, cross culture and cross psychology communication activity. Compared with other types of translation, it is more direct, more prominent, more typical and more comprehensive in cross-cultural and cross psychological communication characteristics (2004:59).
I quite agree with this statement. Tourism itself is a process of cultural exchange and cultural communication. In the process of tourism, translation needs to use the most appropriate language to interpret the culture represented by the place and the meaning behind it. Otherwise, meaningless translation will not only lead tourists' thinking to a certain extent, but also fail to achieve the purpose of cultural communication.
2.2 Classification of tourism translation
According to the characteristics of tourism translation, Chen Gang classifies tourism translation into the following categories: from the perspective of translation means, tourism translation is divided into guided translation, interpretation, translation and machine translation; from the perspective of languages and symbols involved, tourism translation is divided into intralingual translation and interlingual translation; from the perspective of translation out and translation in, tourism translation is divided into two categories: native language translation and native language translation. From the perspective of translation themes, translation can be divided into professional translation, general translation and literary translation. Tourism translation belongs to professional translation. (2004:60-63)
The translation of tourist attractions belongs to professional translation, which is mainly practical. Different from other industries, such as economics and law, it has a large number of professional terms, while the translation of tourist attractions does not. The translation of tourist attractions has only one purpose, which is to make the readers understand the meaning.
2.3 ommon translation skills
2.3.1 Transliteration
Transliteration is to translate words in another language with the same or similar voice, such as place names. Hangzhou is directly translated into "Hangzhou", because the translation of place names has nothing to convey, the purpose is to let tourists know the place, mainly for recognition and cognition;
2.3.2 Omission
Omission is to omit words that can or must be deleted according to the expression habits and rhetoric ways of the target language. Its theoretical basis is the difference between the two languages in the expression habits and rhetoric ways, which is to express the meaning more clearly (Chen Gang, 2004:245).
2.3.3 Adaptation
In order to achieve the expected purpose, the author makes some changes in the content or major adjustments in the form of the original text in the process of translation, so as to adapt to the political context, cultural background or technical norms of the target country. In tourism translation, it is sometimes necessary to reconstruct the translated text. Rice has made it clear that the translation of rhetorical and highly induced texts often requires a thorough change of the original (Reiss, Katharina, 2004:39-42).
2.4 Characteristics of English translation of West Lake scenic spot names
Literal translation and paraphrase are widely used in translation. They have their own similarities and differences
2.4.1 Literal translation,
word for word translation, as the name implies, is a translation conducted separately with a single Chinese character,
For example, the English translation of West Lake is West Lake, where "West" corresponds to "West" and "Lake" corresponds to "Lake";
However, in translation, the translation of some scenic spots is not suitable for this kind of translation. It should be because some scenic spots involve the story and human knowledge behind them. How to combine these factors in the process of translation should also be the difficulty most translators encounter. For example, there is a famous scenic spot in Hangzhou called baguatian, which was translated into "mission Tian" by a restaurant before, making a lot of jokes. In Chinese, mission means gossip and gossip, In fact, the eight trigrams is a profound concept of Chinese unique ancient culture. With these two symbols, eight different forms are formed according to the parallel combination of yin and Yang changes of nature. They are called eight trigrams.
According to legend, this Bagua field was a "home field" opened up in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are eight hills in it, with eight kinds of crops. Because it looks like "Bagua", it is called "Bagua field". Later, some netizens translated it into "Eight Diagrams field", which is quite in line.[5]
2.4.2 . paraphrase
"If we put translation into the background of human cultural exchange, we can see clearly that translation is not only the simple conversion of characters and symbols, but also involves all aspects of cultural exchange: the cultural value accumulated by characters, the cultural soil in which the text is located, the relationship between the starting culture and the target culture involved in the text conversion Department and so on. " (Xu Jun, 2001:81)
The translation of paraphrase is more accurate, which can better reflect the meaning of place names and scenic spots, so that foreign tourists can also understand the meaning of the scenic spot and convey the most cultural information. Of course, when paraphrase is carried out, it is not allowed to do without textual research, resulting in the name can not stand scrutiny and cultural misunderstanding of tourists.
For example, autumn moon over the calm lake means that the moon is on a calm lake. The landscape of "Autumn Moon in Pinghu" means that the air is fresh in every clear autumn. The West Lake is as calm as a mirror. The bright autumn moon is in the sky. The moonlight and the lake water reflect each other. It has the feeling of "one color of lake light in autumn". Therefore, it is named "Pinghu Autumn Moon".
2.4.3. Literal translation + paraphrase,
mainly based on the actual needs, using proper nouns and the meaning of scenic spots to do translation.
For example, Lingyin Temple is translated as "Lingyin Temple" and "Temple of the soul's retreat". Which of the two translation methods is better for such scenic spots? From the point of view of the purpose of translation, literal translation + paraphrase is more suitable, which can directly show the Chinese culture, while literal translation can not achieve this purpose.
3.Conclusion
It can be seen from the appeal that translation is not only the embodiment of this language to that language, especially in the translation of tourist attractions, such as the translation of West Lake scenic spots. The translator not only grasps the connotation of these cultures, but also adopts different translation methods in combination with the language characteristics to maximize the transmission of cultural information, at the same time, it also shows the beautiful scenery of West Lake and makes people yearn for it Love.
We can't think that the translation of scenic spots satisfies the elements of cultural communication, but the translation of names is not enough. We should base on the linguistic characteristics of scenic spots and their own cultural background to translate according to different ways. We can't blindly cater to the understanding of the translation object. In this process, we should also retain their own cultural characteristics, which is a qualification What the translator should do.
4.thank:
It took nearly half a month to finish the first draft of this paper. There are many obstacles in the writing process of this paper. I often feel that my ability is insufficient, the knowledge is too narrow, and sometimes I can't submit the manuscript in time. Thank my thesis instructor, Mr. Chen Ying, for helping me to revise and improve my thesis. In addition, in the search of information, students also provide me with a lot of support and help. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the teachers and students who have helped and guided me.
Thank you for all the scholars involved in this paper. This paper quotes the research literature of several scholars. Without the help and Inspiration of the research results of each scholar, I would be difficult to complete this paper.
Due to my limited academic level, there are inevitably shortcomings in my thesis. Please comment and correct them!
References
[1] EugeneA.Nida.language ,Culture,and Translating[M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1993.
[2] Chen Gang. Tourism translation and foreign tour guide[M].beijing: China Foreign Translation Publishing Company,2004.
[3] Reiss,Katharina.Translation Criticism:The Potentials and Limitations[M] .shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2004:39-42.
[4] Xu Jun.Respect, communication and communication: translation in the context of Multiculturalism 【J].Chinese Comparative Literature,2001(3):80—90.