Abstract: Thomas Hardy as the most famous writer of 19th century, is called “the father of tragedy” .In his series of novels, he mainly criticizes the capitalist civilization. In the Victorian period . The capitalist invasion of rural areas made peasants confront bankruptcy . As a result, the life of the people in the villages was very miserable. Hardy witnesses the tragic scenes of the people in the rural areas and he supposes all of the scenes are caused by capitalism. As a humanist, Hardy wants to search for a way to rescue the people, but because of the limitations of the society and Hardy himself, he can’t find a correct way, thus the thoughts of Hardy also experience a series of changes. He is effected by The Theory Of Evolution and The Theory Of The Social Evolution, meanwhile he forms his own theory. Instead of finding a correct way, he gradually forms the tragic attitude. Tess as one of the most famous novels by Hardy; Hardy’s comprehensive tragedy was totally expressed in Tess. The thesis mainly through analyze the three reasons of tragic fate of Tess and the reasons of Hardy’s comprehensive tragedy to represent what is Hardy’s comprehensive tragedy.
Key Words: fatal tragedy; character tragedy; social tragedy; comprehensive tragedy; capitalism civilization
CONTENTS
Introduction 1
1. Brief Introduction of Thomas Hardy and Tess of the D’udbervilles 1
1.1 The Main Content of Tess Of The D’udbervill 1
1.1.1 The Brief Introduction of The Creation 1
1.1.2 The Evolution of Tess of The D’udbervilles 2
2. Thoma Hardy’s Expression of Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy in Tess of The D’udbervilles 2
2.1 Thomas Hardy’s Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy Embodyed in Tess’s Fatal Tragedy 3
2.2. Thomas Hardy’s Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy Embodyed in Tess’s Social Tragedy 4
2.3. Thomas Hardy’s Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy Embodyed in The Tragedy of Tess’s Character 5
3. The Reasons of Thomas Hardy’s Formation of The Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy 6
3.1 Hardy’s Growth Environment Making Effects on Forming Hardy’s Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy 6
3.2 The Social Changes of Making Effects in Forming Hardy’s Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy .6
3.3 The Religions and SomeFamousTheories of Making Effects inForming Hardy’s
Comprehensive Concept of Tragedy 8
